Painting I. Expressionism/"Bad Art"/"Graffiti"

"BADNESS AS A STRATEGY"

"Bad" as good b/c anti-academic

"Bad" as more personal

Attacks by critics make them feel like radicals

Provocative b/c looks unconventional (regressive cf. Dubuffet? childlike); inspired by LOW art (folk art and popular culture).

Guston

Progenitor of New Imagists... c. 1970 abandons Abstract Expressionist style for raucous forms of figuration that seem to ape not only the primitive, heavy-handed nature of 1930s strip cartoons but also their narrative order and broad goofy humor.

Guston sees abstractions as escape from feelings about Vietnam war, for instance. Chooses subjects from everyday life.

KKK haunts him from boyhood in LA, conspiracies, cruelties, evil

Then uses on HIMSELF... new dream of violence as if living with Klan

Potential idea of finding father who committed suicide by hanging (combined with idea of lynchings)

Personal life and world events (such as holocaust) warped together.

Shocks Abstract Expressionist contemporaries b/c of similarity to Pop culture and Kitsch references.

Fischl

Golub

born Chicago 1922, serves in WWII, teacher in US, lives in Italy 1956-7 and paris 1959-64.

Part of AE movement in 50s; inspired by Picasso. themes of stress and violence, very large works, raw handling of paint. During this period more politically oriented (Vietnam War and Mercenary Soldiers); NO SPECIFIC EVENTS, NO SPECIFIC LOCALES. Compares how he paints to use of meat cleaver. Question is how to visualize violence. Most violence is HIDDEN (cf. to now) and is real in way a photograph isn't. Ambiguous focus (on instigators, not victims). Reverse of most contemporary political art which focuses directly on Vietnam.

Africano ("New Image")

Nicolas Africano uses miniature figures in profile, crudely modeled and posed on large monochrome fields. They seem to participate in unresolved domestic dramas. Emphasizes narrative content (uses inscriptions); sometimes autobiographical. From short stories that he makes even shorter, requires immediacy of image, substitutes small drawings and ideograms for words.

Jenney ("New Image")

In 1968 Jenney predicted that realism would return (these two works more expressionist... see the paintings on the "conceptual art" slide sheet for later work).

Simple cause and effect narratives in which actions are related to objects. Wants recognizable but he knows it's paint and reveals the process of painting. Image/brushwork/frame and text simultaneously sophisticated commentary on painting and expressive/childlike. In early 70s he changes his style... meticulous photorealism (cf. early American painters Peto and Harnett), frames and lettering more assertive sometimes becoming larger than the image. Deals with destiny of environment.

Colescott

Satirizes exclusion of blacks from history texts and ridicules racial stereotypes. Parodies Van Gogh, Picasso, etc.). comments satirically on race and class, discrimination, artistic hierarchies. "Subversive appropriation" of 19/20c masterpieces. Uses a wide range of sources including African art, advertising, cartoons.

Idea of subversive... when see oritinal think of HIS REINTERPRETATION... thus PUTS BARRIER between viewer and original work (conceptual!)

"My version puts into question the ownership of the idea. The fact that the original can be redone questions its value."

Strong quality of irony or "sass" (as he calls it), pushes idea so far that it sticks in the viewer's mind (thus creating barrier with orignal)

Interested in grand tradition of history painting (like Jaques-Louis David). Classical vocabulary of poses, gestures and themes. Large narrative format to convey a political message (not what people want)

The meaning of history, lack of objectivity, foolishness of considering that capitalist white American histories could be objective. What "knowledge" paintings are about, about what the teaching of art history has meant, holes in history, and subjectivity.

"The greatest lesson in history is that we don't learn from it."

dilemma for those who seek both access to American political and economic equality and acknowledgement of the uniqueness of Black American identity and heritage. Corrects myth.

Not clear how to be taken (problem: how does African American artist depict African Americans?). Some African Americans HATE his art.

Fragmented appearance... seemingly disparate groups w/in painting, vigorous brushstrokes, SEES PAINTING NOT JUST AS AN AESTHETIC BUT AS A CRITICAL, PEDAGOGICAL TOOL.

Schnaebel

born 1951 New York. 1980s meteoric rise to success... most touted figure in international art world... press depicts him more like a pop star than a painter. Huge prices based on hype not marit; one of works doesn't get a single bid at auction in 1990, audience applauded this and was end of his career).

Neo-expressionist manner, unusual materials (on carpet, velvet, some encrusted with broken pottery). some have 3D support elements, sometimes supports are 3D with projections.

"My painting is more about what I think the world is like than what I think I'm like: I'm aiming at an emotional state that people can literally walk into and let themselves be engulfed by"

Considers Duccio, Giotto and Van Gogh as his peers (this statement shows a HUGE EGO)

many critics found his work to be ugly, pretentious and boring. Robert Hughes compared Schnaebel's painting to Sylvester Stallone's acting (OUCH!)

NEO-EXPRESSIONISM IN ITALY

Clemente

Primary subject = himself and every imaginable bodily function, but does not reveal himself.

Part of what was called the Italian Transavantguardia... return to painting after Arte Povera's prominence.

Chia

Early experimentation with performance and conceptual art. By 1975 is best known painter in Italy. Muscle-bound figures in pseudu-heroic situations parodying the old masters.

Critic Robert Hughes says: "ladylike coalheavers expelling wind while floating in postures vaguely derived from classical statuary"

Chia expects audience to recognize work taken (or at least that there is an art historical reference there).

NEO-EXPRESSIONISM IN GERMANY

Polke

combines Pop Art approaches (esp. "dots" assoc. with Lichtenstein from Raster printing process) with more socially-relevant themes.

Richter

Three distinctly different types of work, but all photo-referential in some way. Blurred oil paintings (like blurry photograph); works that are minimalist referential (capture idea of reflection of mirror/negative) and late blurred non-objective work (huge oil canvases with smears that suggest the abstract movement captured by photographs but without figurative elements).

Baselitz

Most known for doing works upside down (subject matter is upside down); they are painted as they appear (e.g. does not paint them "rightside up" and then invert... are painted upside-down to begin with). Another way to deal with "the death of painting"

Keifer

on Anselm Kiefer:

GRAFFITI

As a group represents the blurring of Popular Culture style of painting (even vandalism) with High Art.

Haring

Early work shows development of a personal language (symbolism/hieroglyphics); first works done in NY subways on cancelled advertising spots; he was arrested twice. Later works (post AIDS diagnosis deal with the disease and symbolism associated with it).

Basquiat

Friendship with Warhol helps him skyrocket to success (death of drug-overdose at height of career keeps the price of his works ridiculously high). Much of work is criticism of white gallery system and the patrons who buy his work (although they tend not to "get it"); uses appropriations from art history and popular culture to criticize commercialism and value of art. Painting method is a hybrid of street art and broad expressionism. Sometimes uses unconventional supports (such as raw twigs and twine).

Scharf

Draws his imagery from world of cartoons, but also reference figurative street graffiti approaches. Very bright colors and fantasy worlds also suggestive of drug use.